High blood pressure in pets (also known as hypertension), is a serious yet often overlooked condition in dogs and cats. While it is more commonly associated with humans, our furry companions can also suffer from the detrimental effects of elevated blood pressure. If left untreated, hypertension can lead to severe organ damage, impacting the heart, kidneys, eyes, and brain. Understanding the risks, causes, symptoms, and management of hypertension is crucial to minimise the risk to an animal’s long-term health.
Causes of High Blood Pressure in Pets
Hypertension in dogs and cats can be categorised as either primary (idiopathic) or secondary. Primary hypertension occurs without an identifiable underlying cause and is relatively rare. More commonly, hypertension in pets is secondary, meaning it arises because of another medical condition. Some of the most common underlying causes include:
- Chronic kidney disease (CKD) – Impaired kidney function can lead to fluid and electrolyte imbalances, increasing blood pressure.
- Hyperthyroidism (in cats) – Excess thyroid hormone production can elevate heart rate and blood pressure.
- Cushing’s disease (in dogs) – Excessive cortisol production can contribute to high blood pressure.
- Diabetes mellitus – In some cases, diabetes can lead to vascular changes that raise blood pressure.
Symptoms of High Blood Pressure in Pets
Hypertension is often referred to as a “silent killer” because it may not present obvious symptoms until significant organ damage has occurred. However, pet owners should be vigilant for signs such as:
- Sudden blindness or dilated pupils (caused by retinal damage)
- Nosebleeds
- Seizures or disorientation
- Increased drinking and urination
- Weakness or lethargy
Because the symptoms can be subtle or mimic other conditions, regular veterinary check-ups are essential for early detection.
Risks and Complications of High Blood Pressure in Pets
Unchecked hypertension can lead to serious complications, including:
- Ocular damage – Increased blood pressure can cause retinal detachment, leading to blindness.
- Kidney damage – Hypertension can exacerbate kidney disease by further impairing kidney function.
- Heart disease – The heart must work harder to pump against high pressure, potentially resulting in heart failure.
- Neurological effects – Brain-related complications, such as strokes, can arise from prolonged high blood pressure.
Diagnosis and Management
Vets diagnose hypertension by measuring blood pressure using specialist equipment designed for pets. A consistently high reading, combined with clinical signs or underlying disease, often confirms the diagnosis.
Managing hypertension involves addressing both the underlying cause and implementing medical therapy to control blood pressure. Common treatments include:
- Medications – Antihypertensive drugs such as amlodipine (for cats) or enalapril (for dogs) are frequently prescribed.
- Dietary adjustments – Low-sodium diets can help reduce blood pressure.
- Monitoring and regular check-ups – Frequent veterinary visits are necessary to ensure blood pressure remains controlled.
- Managing underlying conditions – Treating diseases like CKD, hyperthyroidism, or Cushing’s disease can help control hypertension.
Conclusion
Hypertension in dogs and cats is a serious but manageable condition. Regular veterinary check-ups, early detection, and appropriate treatment can help prevent severe complications and improve your pet’s quality of life. If your pet has an underlying condition that increases the risk of hypertension, proactive monitoring is essential. By staying informed and working closely with your veterinarian, you can help ensure your furry friend remains healthy and happy for years to come.
In March and April 2025, we’re offering FREE blood pressure checks to all cats and dogs over the age of eight years. You can learn more about this offer here.
